Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the most common neonatal respiratory disease and its symptoms usually begins in the first few hours after birth. The VOLUME of FLUID intake according to the neonate's conditions varies. We aimed to compare the restricted FLUIDs VOLUME with standard FLUIDs VOLUME in treatment of neonates with TTN. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 80 neonates with a diagnosis of TTN admitted in the Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Fatemiyeh Hospital and Beasat Hospital of Hamadan Medical University in Iran. Patients were randomly divided to standard FLUIDs VOLUME (control = 40), and restricted FLUIDs VOLUME treatment groups (case = 40). The hospitalization duration, oxygen therapy duration as well as the number of days need for oxygen with hood; Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), and mechanical ventilation therapy was recorded. After data collection, the data were statistically analyzed via SPSS software (version 21. 0). Results: The subjects were 30 (37. 5%) females and 50 (62. 5%) males (62. 5%) with an average gestational age of 38. 12 (± 1. 07) weeks. The main aim from this interventional study was effect of restricted FLUID therapy on management of TTN in NICU section. The hospitalization duration, oxygen therapy duration and need for oxygen therapy with hood in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0. 05), but need for mechanical ventilation and need for NCPAP were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion TTN treatment with restricted FLUIDs VOLUME, compared with standard VOLUME of FLUIDs, significantly reduces the need for respiratory supports as well as the duration of hospitalization in the NICU section.

Incompressible Free Surface Flows One of the most powerful methods to implement the free surface is the VOLUME of FLUID (VOF) in this study, an algorithm is developed, which includes an implicit pressure based method (SIMPLE) with a staggered grid and a Lagrangian propagation VOF method. Based on this algorithm, a computer code is generated and a cavity with a free surface and two test cases of dam - breaking problems are examined and, then, the effect of FLUID sloshing on a near wall is also analyzed and a time history of the normal force on the wall is presented. The results show good agreement with experimental and other computational results

Amniotic FLUID VOLUME (AFV) is one of the important parameters in the assessment of fetal well-being. The ability of ultrasound measurements to represent the actual AFV is unproven. This study was undertaken to compare correlation of conventional amniotic FLUID index (AFI) and radial amniotic FLUID index (RAFI) as a new method with actual FLUID VOLUME on phantom. As an experimental study, 10 to 100 ml of water with 5 ml intervals was injected to a rubber bladder as a uterus phantom containing a 15 week gestational age fetus. The vertical diameter was measured in largest FLUID pouch at each quadrant. Four diameters were summed as conventional AFI. The largest radial diameter perpendicular to uterus and fetus was measured at four quadrants and were summed as RAFI. Databases were analyzed based on correlation and regression methods. RAFI and conventional AFI predicted 91.6% and 65% of variations of FLUID VOLUME, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, RAFI is more accurate and reliable than conventional AFI in the prediction of injected FLUID VOLUME.      

A plunging liquid jet is defined as a moving column of liquid passing through a gaseous headspace, air in our case, before impinging a free surface of receiving liquid pool. The mechanism of air entrainment due to plunging liquid jets is very complex and the complete mechanism of air entrainment is not fully understood so far. The present paper is an unsteady numerical simulation of air entrainment by water jet plunging, using the VOLUME Of FLUID (VOF) model. The piece wise linear interface construction algorithm (PLIC) for interface tracking is used, to describe the phase distributions of entirely immiscible air and liquid phases. The aim of this work is to investigate the performance and accuracy of the VOF method in predicting the initial impact between the descending jet and water free surface, air entrainment and the developing flow region under free surface. Three scale models based on geometric similarities (Froude number and dimensionless free jet length) are used for validation according to Chanson (2004) experience. The simulations show with accuracy, the air cavity formation steps, caused by the initial jet impact, its deep stretching under the pool free surface, until breakdown due to the shear created by a toroidal vortex. In terms of, air entrainment estimation, bubble dispersion and radial distribution of air VOLUME fraction, large-scale models present a good agreement with the experience. However, for the smallest scale model, the results lead to suggest that air entrainment is governed by more parameters than the geometric similarities.

In this investigation, α 2-D Finite VOLUME Method (FVM) with unstructured triangular mesh is developed to simulate the mould filling process. The simulation of FLUID flow and track of free surface is based on the Marker And Cell (MAC) technique. This technique has capability of handling the arbitrary curved solid boundaries in the casting processes. In order to verify the computational results of the simulation, a thin disk plate with transparent mould was tested. The mould filling process was recorded using a 16mm high-speed camera. Images were analyzed frame by frame, in order to tracking of free surface and filling rate during mould filling. Comparison between the experimental method and the simulation results has shown a good agreement.

One of the most powerful methods to implement the free surface is the VOLUME Of FLUID (VOF). In this study, an algorithm is developed, which includes an implicit pressure based method (SIMPLE) with a staggered grid and a Lagrangian propagation VOF method. Based on this algorithm, a computer code is generated and a cavity with a free surface and two test cases of dam-breaking problems are examined and, then, the effect of FLUID sloshing on a near wall is also analyzed and a time history of the normal force on the wall is presented. The results show good agreement with experimental and other computational results